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MANUAL.TXT
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1994-04-04
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The line above should be centered and one-inch below the top of form.
- THE QWERTY MANUAL TEXT FOLLOWS -
__________________________________
| |
| tm |
| QWERTY WORD PROCESSOR |
| |
| Copyright 1982-92 |
| |
| HFK Software |
| Sixty-Eight Wells Road |
| Lincoln, MA 01773 |
| |
| 617-259-0059 |
| |
|__________________________________|
Version 7.0
2-15-94
_______
_____|_ |
---| | |------------------(R)
| | O |
| O___|___ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|___| | Professionals
| O |
-------| | |--------------------
|___|___| Member
T A B L E o f C O N T E N T S
INTRODUCTION 1
MANUAL ORGANIZATION 1
DYNAMIC HELP 2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 3
INSTALLATION 3
THE MENU 4
JUMPING IN 5
EDITING 6
The Editor Screen 6
The Arrow Keys 8
Character Attributes 8
The Function Keys 9
Binding Spaces 11
Format Indicators 12
Centered Lines 12
Margins, Tab Stops & Rulers 12
Special Text 13
Ending an Edit 14
PRINTING 16
Printing Options 16
Format Lines 17
LaserJet Support 21
Ancillary Programs 22
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS 24
Display Colors 24
RAM_DRIVE= 24
FILE= 24
EXT= 25
LASER-JET 25
NO_DOTS 25
NO_TONES 25
24-HR 25
SHIFT_REQUIRED 26
IMMEDIATE_AUTOHELP 26
ALTCHARS.DEF 26
Option Summary 26
STARTING via BATCH 27
RUNNING UNDER WINDOWS 28
CUSTOM SPECIAL TEXT 29
RELATED PRODUCTS 30
QWERTY REGISTRATION 31
SHAREWARE DECLARATION 31
REGISTRATION FORM 32
-- I N T R O D U C T I O N --
QWERTY is one of the original word processors developed in
1982 for the then new IBM PC. Since early users were often
typists with little, or no, computer experience, QWERTY was
designed to feel like a Selectric Typewriter and to be easy
to learn and use. In 1992, upon it's tenth anniversary,
QWERTY was released as SHAREWARE and continues in use to
date.
QWERTY has the reputation of being a great "starter" word
processor, but for many, it has continued to serve as their
only word processor.
QWERTY is so easy that you may become productive in minutes.
Just start typing -- Hold <F1> down (for HELP) when you have
a question. Don't waste time with "the quick brown fox..."
Start with something real.
QWERTY is a serious word processor with a wealth of useful
features that may be ignored until needed. For example, if
you wish to produce a pamphlet, you might use QWERTY to
develop the text and send the ASCII text file (or a "print-
to-disk" file) to a publisher who would then typeset and
print the final copy. However, you might also just print it
with QWERTY. If you wish to print on both sides of the
paper, QWERTY will print alternate pages, allowing a second
pass to print the page backs. If you use headers and/or
footers, QWERTY will allows odd/even page specifications. If
your header or footer contains a page number, it can always
be printed away from the binding. The point is that you do
not have to deal with details until you actually need them.
-- M A N U A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N --
In this manual, keys are represented by one or more
characters enclosed in angle brackets. For example:
<F1> is used for Function Key #1,
<SPACE> for the Space Bar,
<CR> for Carriage Return (the ENTER key),
<SHIFT> for either Case Shift key,
<CTRL> for the CTRL Shift key,
<ALT> for the ALT Shift key, and
<UP>, <DOWN>, <LEFT>, and <RIGHT> for the arrow keys.
A single character within angle brackets is used to represent
a standard text key of either case, e.g. <E> for the E-key.
-1-
Key symbols joined by a plus sign imply holding the first key
and striking the second. For example, <SHIFT>+<CR> means
hold either <SHIFT> key and strike <CR>.
The first few pages of this manual, through the JUMPING IN
section, provide general background information. QWERTY's
gentle ease of use coupled with it's dynamic help make it
practical for many -- certainly those with computer word
processing experience -- to get right to work.
The EDITING section may be browsed by the experienced, but
should be read carefully by the novice. In either case,
using QWERTY, before reading too much, is beneficial.
The PRINTING section provides much detailed information that
is not needed by many. The experienced should scan this
section to know what is available. The novice might just
avoid this section.
The COMMAND line section deals with options that may be
specified when starting QWERTY. There could be an option
that fits a particular personal need (e.g., screen colors),
but this section can easily be skipped.
Similarly, the STARTING via BATCH, CUSTOM SPECIAL TEXT, and
RELATED PRODUCTS sections provide specialized information.
The REGISTRATION section is for all. You should register.
It's the right thing to do. This section describes the
details and benefits of registration.
-- D Y N A M I C H E L P --
Holding <F1> down displays instructions and suggestions for
the current situation. When you release the <F1> key, the
screen is restored. That is, help is available quickly and
with a minimum of disruption -- you do not have to strike
another key to clear the help.
Help is also tutorial in two respects. (1) Holding <F1> at
each menu selection, and in a few editing circumstances, will
provide sufficient information to get started immediately.
(2) In some cases, help text is provided as delayed prompts.
For example, striking <F6> initiates a forward search by
prompting for a search pattern. When you do not respond
within 1.5 seconds, QWERTY automatically displays the
appropriate help information until the next keystroke. If
the "next keystroke" is <F1>, the help is cleared when <F1>
is released. If you're slowly exploring, this automatic help
presentation is a useful learning aid; however, when you are
-2-
familiar with QWERTY and working rapidly, a disruptive "help
flash" is prevented by the 1.5 second delay.
Sometimes <CTRL> may be used in place of <SHIFT>. In these
cases "SHIFT" in the help text is shown bracketed by two
dots. For example, QWERTY uses a <SHIFT>ed left arrow to
move back to the previous word beginning. If you're accustom
to <CTRL> shifted arrow keys, or if <CTRL> is an easier
reach, the dots in the help display indicate that using
<CTRL> is okay.
-- S Y S T E M R E Q U I R E M E N T S --
QWERTY (Version-7) runs under DOS, Version-3 or later, on an
IBM PC, or equivalent, and requires about 256K bytes of RAM.
A hard disk is recommended, but not required.
QWERTY will print on virtually any printer, and contains
special support for Laser-Jet printers.
-- I N S T A L L A T I O N --
If you haven't already done so, make a QWERTY directory
(MD QWERTY<CR>), and copy (or unZIP) your QWERTY files into
their own directory.
At this point you will be able to run QWERTY when you are
"in" the QWERTY directory (whenever the QWERTY directory is
current) by typing QWERTY<CR> on the DOS command line;
however, when running in another directory DOS will respond
with "Bad command or file name."
If you're familiar with PATH, you know that DOS uses it to
find program files when they do not exist in the current
directory. The PATH statement is a line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file consisting of "PATH" followed by one or more drive/path
declarations separated by semicolons.
Eventually you should include your QWERTY directory in your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file's PATH statement. You may do this by
editing "C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT", searching for "PATH" and appending
";C:\QWERTY" (or whatever you called your QWERTY directory)
to the PATH line.
If you are new to DOS or PCs, you may wish to restrict your
editing to files in your QWERTY directory and get comfortable
with QWERTY (it won't take long) before modifying your PATH
and operating out of other directories.
-3-
-- T H E M E N U --
The menu allows you to choose from among QWERTY's functions,
and works as many other menus in that you may:
(1) move the menu highlight bar using <UP>, <DOWN> or <SPACE>
and then strike <CR> to effect the highlighted selection;
(2) strike the key matching the first letter of a menu item
and effect a selection with a single keystroke; or
(3) point to a selection with a mouse and click any button.
Holding <F1> will display help for the highlighted menu item.
The QWERTY menu provides the following nine selections and is
designed for speed and convenience.
<S> SELECT -- Choose from a list of files with the
default extension (normally .DOC) and in the
current directory, by typing the beginning of the
file's name and/or pointing with the arrow keys
(or mouse).
<E> EDIT -- Create a new file, or change an existing
file. A blank file specification implies new file
creation.
<P> PRINT -- Print a file.
<O> OPTION PRINT -- Specify options and print a file.
The options include page range, number of copies,
page pause, print-to-disk, print-to-screen, and
alternate sides.
<D> DELETE -- Delete a file from disk.
<M> MESSAGE -- Display a screen message in "Times
Square" format during idle time or while away from
your desk.
<C> CLOCK -- Display a large format digital clock
during idle time or while away from your desk.
<A> ABOUT -- Display QWERTY product information.
<Q> QUIT -- Return to DOS and run other programs.
-4-
When a file is SELECTed, its name is remembered and provided
as the default name for EDIT, PRINT, OPTION PRINT and DELETE
operations.
When a remembered file name is presented, you may: (1) strike
<CR> to use it, (2) change it and strike <CR> to use the
newly specified file, or (3) blank it to create a new file.
Note that simply striking <CR> twice begins the next
operation using the remembered file name.
-- J U M P I N G I N --
At this time it is well worth just jumping in and exploring
QWERTY. Select EDIT and create a letter. Take full
advantage of QWERTY's <F1> dynamic help.
When you are comfortable with QWERTY, read on. Learn about
centering, margins, tab stops, and QWERTY's many printer
controls at your leisure.
-5-
-- E D I T I N G --
To edit an existing file, simply specify that file after
selecting EDIT from the menu. To create a new file, blank
the file specification. (You may strike <DEL> to clear any
remembered file specifications.)
Editing with QWERTY is simple and straightforward. If you
are a power typist and don't check the screen unless you have
a particular concern (e.g., QWERTY beeped), you'll find that
the action area can be checked quickly -- just above the
typehead on the scale which is always at the bottom of the
screen.
Holding <F1> provides help for your current situation and can
be both very useful in particular and tutorial in general.
T H E E D I T O R S C R E E N
The QWERTY editing screen is divided into three sections:
(1) a three-line status area at the top, (2) a two-line scale
and typehead at the bottom, and (3) a twenty-line file text
area in between.
The upper left status area presents the file name, the amount
of editing memory used, the type head position, the typehead
character, and any attributes applied to the typehead
character.
+----------------------------------------------------
| C:\MANUAL\PART-1.DOC (45%) Col-58: UND BLD A
|
| Search FWD for: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+--------------------------------------------
| (fig 1)
Fig. 1 shows that file PART-1.DOC in directory C:\MANUAL is
being edited, 45% of the editing buffer is being used, the
typehead is on an "A" in column 58, and that the "A" is to be
printed boldface and underscored.
Other attributes could be SYL for syllable beginning and ALT
for alternate font. Syllable beginning is a "soft hyphen"
and tells QWERTY that a word may be hyphenated at that point.
Except in LaserJet mode, the alternate font is the upper 128
ASCII characters as defined by your printer. ALT may also be
defined as a strike-through with either a slash, a 25%
screen, 50% screen, or a 75% screen character. See the
PRINTING section, Format Lines, *STn.)
-6-
The lower left portion of the status area is used for prompts
and search patterns. (See fig 1.)
The right potion of the status area shows the current state
of CapLock (Cap/CAP), The current Insert/Typewriter Mode
(Ins/Typ), and NumLock state.
-----------------------------------------------+
5%) Col-58: UND BLD A Bld | S|| |
--- + --- |
CAP Ins Del Alt | Und |
----------------------------------------------------+
(fig 2) |
Fig 2 shows CapLock on (inverse and upper case CAP), Insert
Mode (Ins), and Numlock off (Delete, arrow, and attribute key
labels).
Typewriter Mode has been designed for those transitioning
from a Typewriter and <SPACE>, <TAB> and <CR> are non-
destructive -- as they are on an actual typewriter. This
prevents the transitioning typist from blanking text via the
common typist's action of holding the Space Bar to move the
typehead. Typewriter Mode is useful in some strike-over
situations; but, in general, Insert Mode should be used.
Insert/Typewriter Mode is selected via the <INS> key.
-----------------------------------------------+
5%) Col-58: UND BLD A [7] [8] [9] |
[4] [5] [6] |
CAP [0] [.] [1] [2] [3] |
----------------------------------------------------+
(fig 3) |
Fig 3 shows that the keyboard is NumLocked. NumLock is
usually left off except when you wish to enter numeric data
via the numeric keypad rather than the top row of digit keys.
The bottom two screen lines are used as a scale and typehead.
The scale provides an analog indication of typehead position
(column), the shading indicates the current margins, the
small rectangles indicate the current tab stop positions, and
a paragraph symbol shows the paragraph beginning column when
an indent is in effect.
The typehead symbol can be considered as a cursor but, in
addition to horizontal position, shows the case of the next
letter to be typed and whether it will be inserted into the
file or struck over an existing character.
-7-
The editing buffer is quite large relative to a typical
business letter which might use 5-10% of its capacity. As
you produce longer documents, you should consider "document
chaining." When fifty or sixty percent full, consider
continuation to another file leaving plenty of room for
future expansion. QWERTY makes it easy to link "chapters"
(individual files for editing) into a "book" (chain of files
for printing) and using this feature is a good idea. (See
*CD: in the PRINTING section.)
T H E A R R O W K E Y S
The <LEFT> and <RIGHT> arrow keys move the typehead to the
previous and next characters in the file.
The <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys scroll the text up and down
one line (without moving the typehead).
<SHIFT>+<LEFT> and <SHIFT>+<RIGHT> (or <CTRL>+<LEFT> and
<CTRL>+<RIGHT>) move the typehead to the previous and next
word beginnings.
<SHIFT>+<UP> and <SHIFT>+<DOWN> move the typehead to the
beginning of the previous and next lines.
The <DEL> key may be used to delete the typehead character.
C H A R A C T E R A T T R I B U T E S
A few rules make character attribute use easy to understand.
(1) NumLock must be off. The HOME key in the right status
area must be shown as "Bld" (not as "[7]").
(2) Striking an attribute key (e.g., <HOME> for Bold) will
alternately set/clear the attribute indication in the
status area. When set, the attribute will be displayed
in inverse video and appear to be "lighted."
HINT: You may hold a <SHIFT> key when striking an
attribute key. This has no effect on the attribute
keystroke, but is very convenient when alternately
striking a <SHIFT>ed arrow key. (Un<SHIFT>ing is not
necessary.)
(3) Whenever a character is TYPED, any lighted attributes are
APPLIED to that character and the lighted attributes in
the status area are cleared.
-8-
(4) Whenever the typehead is MOVED FORWARD by a character, a
line or a word, any lighted attributes are APPLIED to all
text passed by the typehead's forward motion, and the
lighted attributes in the status area are cleared.
(5) Whenever the typehead is MOVED BACKWARD by a character, a
line or a word, any lighted attributes are REMOVED from
all text passed by the typehead's backward motion, and
the lighted attributes in the status area are cleared.
While the BLD, ALT, and UND attributes are shown in the
status area as "Bld" "Alt" and "Und", the SYL attribute is
shown as "S||" because it ONLY APPLIES TO CHARACTER
OPERATIONS. (You would not likely wish to apply a syllable
attribute to all characters of a word or line.)
Moving FORWARD a WORD or LINE with the S|| attribute lighted
forces all letters passed by the typehead to be forced to
LOWER case; and moving BACKWARDS a WORD or LINE with the S||
attribute lighted forces all letters passed by the typehead
to be forced to UPPER case.
T H E F U N C T I O N K E Y S
The PC Function Keys (F1 through F10) are grouped as follows:
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
|| F1 || || F2 || || F3 || || F4 ||
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
HELP UN-DEL W-DEL L-DEL
Holding <F1> provides help for the current situation.
Striking <F2> inserts the last text deleted via <F3> or <F4>
into the file at the current typehead position.
Striking <F3> deletes text from the current typehead position
to the beginning of the next word.
Striking <F4> deletes text from the current typehead position
to the beginning of the next line.
While the primary function of <F2> is to un-delete text in
case you accidentally strike <F3> or <F4>, it is also useful
as a quick cut and paste function. For example, if you wish
to replicate a line in several places, use <F4> and <F2> to
delete and un-delete the line and then use <F2> to un-delete
(insert) the line at other places in the file. Similarly, to
-9-
move a word, use <F3> to delete it and then use <F2> to
un-delete it elsewhere.
You might find that <F2>, <F3> or <F4> are too easy to type,
resulting in accidental insertions and deletions. You have
the option of requiring that a <SHIFT> key be held with these
operations. (See SHIFT_REQUIRED in the COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
section.)
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
|| F5 || || F6 || || F7 || || F8 ||
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
<-SEARCH SEARCH-> TO BEG TO END
<SHIFT> < SRCH & REPLACE>
<CTRL> < GLOBAL S & R >
<F5> is used to initiate a backward search, <SHIFT>+<F5> is
used to initiate a backward search and replace operation, and
<CTRL>+<F5> is used to initiate a backward global search and
replace.
Backward search patterns and replacement text strings are
terminated with an <F5> (or <SHIFT>+<F5> or <CTRL>+<F5>)
instead of the more conventional <CR> so that: (1) <CR>s may
be used in search and replacement text, and (2) a backward
search may be easily repeated via multiple <F5>s.
<F6> provides identical search operations except in the
forward direction.
A search operation in progress may be interrupted by striking
<ESC>. A second <ESC> immediately following a search
interruption will return the typehead to the search's
starting position.
Similarly, when a search fails, an immediate <ESC> will
restore the typehead.
<F7> and <F8> cause rapid scrolling toward the beginning and
the end of the file. Holding a <SHIFT> key will freeze the
scrolling for examination while the <SHIFT> is held.
As with searches, <ESC> may be used to interrupt and/or
restore the typehead.
-10-
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
|| F9 || || F10|| || F11|| || F12||
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
BLK COPY INS
<SHIFT> BLK MOVE
Striking <F9> initiates a block copy or move operation.
After striking <F9> at the beginning of a text block, the
block is delimited by advancing the typehead to the character
following the text block to be copied or moved. A second
<F9> defines the end of the block and copies the text to a
file called {TXTBLK}.TMP. Using <SHIFT>+<F9> (or
<CTRL>+<F9>) causes the block to be moved to {TXTBLK}.TMP
(removed from the file).
Striking <F10> will insert the content of {TXTBLK}.TMP at the
typehead. Normally <F10> is used to complete a Cut & Paste
operation by inserting a block of text that has been copied
or moved; however, it is also useful for un-doing a block
move.
Note that {TXTBLK}.TMP survives the end of an edit and its
content may be inserted into another file on another day.
If a "RAM DRIVE" is available, it may be used for very fast
cut and paste operations via RAM_DRIVE=. (See the COMMAND
LINE OPTION section.)
The <F11> and <F12> keys do not exist on all PCs and are not
used by QWERTY.
B I N D I N G S P A C E S
QWERTY automatically blocks your paragraphs as you type,
maintaining as many words between the margins as is possible.
Sometimes it is desirable to keep two, or more, words on the
same line even when there is room for the first word on a
previous line. For example, it is generally better to keep a
first initial and a last name together at the beginning of a
line even when the initial could fit at the previous line's
right margin. Similarly, when a sentence begins with a
single letter word (A or I) or a small number, it is
desirable to prevent the short initial word from being split
at the margin.
-11-
Using <SHIFT>+<SPACE> (or <CTRL>+<SPACE>) instead of <SPACE>
will introduce a "Binding Space" that will print as a normal
space, but will bind the adjacent words for paragraph
blocking considerations. Binding Spaces are easy to type
(<SHIFT> may already be down for the sentence or name
beginning) and insure that your intent is maintained
regardless of the intensity of editing.
F O R M A T I N D I C A T O R S
A "Format Indicator" is a special character that, when at the
beginning of a line, indicates that this line contains format
information (as opposed to printing text).
Striking <SHIFT>+<TAB> will introduce a Format Indicator and
the remainder of the line contains specific formatting
instructions.
With two exceptions, Format Indicators have no effect upon
editing, and therefore, are described in detail the PRINTING
section of this manual.
C E N T E R E D L I N E S
To center a line between the current margins, simply begin
the line with a Format Indicator (<SHIFT>+<TAB>) followed by
a <C>, a <SPACE>, and the text to be centered.
A centered line ends with a <CR> and will not be centered if:
(1) it will not fit between the current margins, or (2) if it
contains a <TAB>.
M A R G I N S , T A B S T O P S & R U L E R S
With a DOC file name extension, the default margins and tab
stops are set for a letter (margins at 10 & 70 with stop at
15, 20 and 25).
With non-DOC extensions, the default margins and tab stops
are set for a program source file (margins at 1 & 79 with
stop every eight positions).
The scale at the screen bottom shows the margins and tab
stops currently in effect.
-12-
You may change the margins and tab stops as often as you wish
by inserting a "ruler" into a file. A ruler affects text
following it until overridden by another ruler.
A simple QWERTY ruler is a Format Line consisting of:
(1) a Format Indicator (<SHIFT>+<TAB>) at the beginning,
(2) sufficient Binding Spaces (<SHIFT>+<SPACE>s) to position
an upper case "L" (<SHIFT>+<L>) at the left margin,
(3) sufficient Binding Spaces to position an upper case "R"
(<SHIFT>+<R>) at the right margin, and
(4) a <CR> at the end.
Note that the ruler is composed of standard characters and,
with the exception of the <CR> is typed holding a <SHIFT>
key. Since rulers consists of normal text: (1) they may be
changed by normal means (Search & Replace, Cut & Paste,
etc.), and (2) you may use as many rulers as is necessary.
<T>s and <P>s may be used in rulers to mark tab stops and
paragraph beginnings.
*======L=========================R Simple ruler
*======L=========T======T========R Tab stops
*======L===P=====T======T========R Paragraph Indent
*==P===L=========T======T========R Negative Indent
Up to ten tab stops may be specified by including <T>s
between the <L> and <R>. One <P> may also be included to
indicate a beginning point for paragraphs. Note that the <P>
may be on either side of the <L>. The <R> must be followed
by a <CR>.
When the "P" is left of the "L" (negative or hanging indent),
the left margin serves as a tab stop for the first paragraph
line. This is particularly useful for numbered paragraphs
which should start with <number><TAB><paragraph text>.
S P E C I A L T E X T
QWERTY provides 21 special characters that may be redefined
by Registered Users to suit special requirements for language
or scientific characters. Each character is defined in terms
of: (1) an <ALT> shifted letter or digit key to enter the
character, (2) a display code for screen presentation of the
special character, and (3) up to sixteen codes to be sent to
your printer to produce the desired result on paper.
-13-
The default special characters described below are defined
with display and print codes matching the defined character.
For example, the plus-or-minus symbol is defined as 241 for
both display and printing. Your PC will display code 241 as
the plus-or-minus symbol, but your printer may not print it.
In this case, you should redefine the character specifying a
three byte string of 43-8-95 (plus symbol, backspace, and
underscore).
Box Drawing Characters:
#1 <ALT>+<Q> Upper Left Corner
#2 <ALT>+<W> Top Tee
#3 <ALT>+<E> Upper Right Corner
#4 <ALT>+<A> Left Tee
#5 <ALT>+<S> Intersection
#6 <ALT>+<D> Right Tee
#7 <ALT>+<Z> Lower Left Corner
#8 <ALT>+<X> Bottom Tee
#9 <ALT>+<C> Lower Right Corner
#10 <ALT>+<H> Horizontal Side
#11 <ALT>+<V> Vertical Side
Mathematical Symbols:
#12 <ALT>+<P> Plus-or-Minus
#13 <ALT>+<G> Greater-than
#14 <ALT>+<L> Less-than
#15 <ALT>+<4> 1/4 fraction
#16 <ALT>+<2> 1/2 fraction
Language Symbols:
#17 <ALT>+<N> "N" (upper case) with Tilde
#18 <ALT>+<M> "n" (lower case) with Tilde
#19 <ALT>+<I> Inverted "?"
#20 <ALT>+<1> Inverted "!"
Currency Symbol:
#21 <ALT>+<B> British Pound Sterling
E N D I N G A N E D I T
When you wish to end an edit and return to the QWERTY menu,
strike <SHIFT>+<CR> (or <CTRL>+<CR>) and respond to the file
specification prompt.
If you have just created a new file (no file name specified)
and wish to save the created text, enter a file specification
(name with optional drive and path) terminated by a <CR>.
-14-
If you have been editing the content of an existing file and
wish to save the results as the same file, simply strike a
<CR> (or a second <SHIFT>+<CR> or <CTRL>+<CR>).
If you have been editing the content of an existing file and
wish to save the results as a different file, change the file
specification and strike a <CR>.
If you have made a big mess and wish to abandon an edit,
blank the file specification (<DEL> key) and strike <CR>.
When you abandon an edit, the data are actually recorded in a
file called {QWERTY}.TMP so the "abandoned" data may be
rescued until the next abandonment actually writes over
{QWERTY}.TMP.
Saving modifications under the same file name is a common way
to end an edit; and, QWERTY makes it very easy -- JUST HOLD
<SHIFT> AND STRIKE <CR> TWICE.
NOTE-1: When beginning an editing, or printing a file, you
may specify {QWERTY}.TMP with a single <INS> key-
stroke. That is, you might use {QWERTY}.TMP as an
actual temporary file (rather than as a discard).
NOTE-2: If you use "NUL" as a file name, DOS considers this a
special case and discards the data. This is another
way of abandoning an edit without overwriting
{QWERTY}.TMP, or using disk space for the discard.
-15-
-- P R I N T I N G --
QWERTY drives virtually any printer with special support for
LaserJet printers. For most cases, simply striking <CR>
twice after editing will print the file just edited.
Similarly, when printing is finished, striking two <CR>s will
initiate editing of the file just printed.
Some special circumstances may be supported by QWERTY's
"special characters." Up to twenty-one may be defined in a
file called ALTCHARS.DEF. Each character is assigned an
<ALT> shifted letter or digit, a display code, and up to
sixteen printer codes. Each special character is introduced
by striking the <ALT> shifted key and occupies one character
position relative to editing. However, you may specify up to
sixteen bytes to be sent to the printer to effect the desired
symbol to be printed, e.g., backspace and strike over with
other characters. (see the CUSTOM SPECIAL CHARACTERS
section.)
P R I N T I N G O P T I O N S
When you select OPTION PRINT from the menu, you must provide
printing parameters before the actual printing is started.
The first prompt controls printing as follows.
Options: [S,P,D,B,F] _
Strike <S> to print to the screen for preview, <P> to pause
at the beginning of a each page (within the printing range),
<D> to print to disk, <B> to print only page backs, <F> to
print only page fronts, or <CR> for "none of the above."
The next prompt is for a starting page number.
Options: [S,P,D,B,F] _, page ____
If you just strike <CR>, the entry is left blank and printing
will start from the first page (regardless of numbering). If
you specify a starting page number, printing will not begin
until the specified page. Page numbers (not the page count)
are used. NOTE: The page number and the page count are often
identical, however, the page NUMBER sequence may be altered.
(See *BN:n)
-16-
The next prompt is for a ending page number.
Options: [S,P,D,B,F] _, page ____ through ____
As with the starting number, the ending number is a page
number (not page count) and may be left blank to imply the
end of the file.
The next prompt is for a copy count.
Options: [S,P,D,B,F] _, page ____ through ____, copies ____
A blank copy count implies a single copy. When the copy
count is input, the actual printing begins.
F O R M A T L I N E S
Many format lines are available to command the printer to
produce desired results even when a file has endured many
generations of editing.
The list is long, but in most cases most of the following may
ignored -- but it's good to know what is available.
With the following format line representations, the "#"
represents a number. For page numbers # must be an integer.
When specifying something in inches, up to two decimal places
may be used, e.g., "TM:1.25" sets a 1.25 inch top margin.
A format line that begins with two (or more) format
indicators is just a comment line. Comment lines have no
effect on printed output but can provide useful reminders.
An extra format indicator may also be used to temporarily
disable a Format Line.
Format Indicators (<SHIFT>+<TAB>) are shown as asterisks (*)
and Binding Spaces (<SHIFT>+<SPACE>) are shown as equal
signs (=).
*====L======P=======T========T==============R Ruler line.
*C <text> Center <text> between the current margins.
*FS:# Set the form size to # inches. Default: FS:0.
(use printer's form-feed).
*TM:# Set the top margin to # inches. Default: TM:0.
May be necessary with some automatic sheet
feeders.
-17-
*PS:# Set the page size to # inches. Default: PS:9.0.
The page size is the amount of space on a page
below the top margin that is available for headers
and text.
*HB:# Establish a horizontal bias of "#" printer
columns. That is, shift everything right "#"
columns.
*GS:# Guarantee space. Force a new page unless there is
room for # lines remaining. Useful for tables and
preventing a new section from starting too close
to a page bottom.
*MG Set manual pagination. Displays line & page
number in status area. Disables widow line
protection. Starts a new page only in response to
*NP.
*NP Force a new page.
*NPE Force sufficient *NPs such that the next text will
be printed on an even numbered page. If a blank
page is needed, both header and footer printer is
suppressed for that page.
*NPEH Same as *NPE except that headers will be printed
on a blank page.
*NPEF Same as *NPE except that footers will be printed
on a blank page.
*NPEB Same as *NPE except that both headers and footers
will be printed on a blank page.
*NPO Force sufficient *NPs such that the next text will
be printed on an odd numbered page. If a blank
page is needed, both header and footer printer is
suppressed for that page.
*NPOH Same as *NPO except that headers will be printed
on a blank page.
*NPOF Same as *NPO except that footers will be printed
on a blank page.
*NPOB Same as *NPO except that both headers and footers
will be printed on a blank page.
-18-
*PP Pause after each page's printing (for manual sheet
feed).
*PD:<instructions> Pause and display an instruction line of
up to 50 characters. Strike <SPACE> to continue,
<ESC> to terminate. Example: *PD:INSERT ENVELOPE
*1S Set single space.
*2S Set double space.
*3S Set triple space, etc.
*ST Change the ALT character attribute to "strike thru
with a slash."
*ST2 Change ALT character attribute to strike thru with
a 25% screen (printer code 176).
*ST3 Change ALT character attribute to strike thru with
a 50% screen (printer code 177).
*ST4 Change ALT character attribute to strike thru with
a 75% screen (printer code 175).
*AF Restore ALT to alternate font.
*BJ Begin right margin justification.
*EJ End right margin justification.
Lines containing a TAB are not justified.
*BN Begin automatic page numbering with page number in
lower center. Same as "*BF||-#-||"
*BN:# Set page number to # and begin automatic
numbering.
*EN End automatic numbering. Counting of pages
continues sequentially (unless *BN:#) but page
number printing is suppressed.
*CD:<name> Continue printing with the specified file in the
current directory. Only a file name is specified.
Margins, tab stops, page numbering, spacing, etc.,
are all maintained. Continuation permits working
with relatively small files, yet printing very
large documents.
*BH|<left>|<center>|<right>| Begin automatic header printing
with the specified three fields.
-19-
*XH:# Set header separation from top of text to # in.
*EH End header printing.
*BF|<left>|<center>|<right>| Begin automatic footer printing
with the specified three fields.
*XF:# Set footer separation from bottom of text (*PS) to
# inches.
*EF End footer printing.
A number sign (#) within header of footer text is printed as
the current page number. The <left>, <center>, and <right>
text strings of headers and footers may be dually expressed
as
<text for even pages>^<text for odd pages>
where the even page component precedes the odd page component
separated by a carat (<SHIFT>+<6>). Either component may be
nul (empty). For example,
*BF|Page #^||^Page #|
will print as: | | |
| | | |
| Page 44 | | Page 45 |
+----------------------------+ +----------------------------+
A more complex example,
*BF|Page #^INDEX|(c) 1990|MANUAL^Page #|
will print as: | | |
| | | |
| Page 44 (c)1990 MANUAL | | INDEX (c)1990 Page 45 |
+----------------------------+ +----------------------------+
NOTE: When using dual expressions a header or footer Format
Line could exceed the current margins. In this case, use
Binding Spaces to prevent word-wrap truncation.
The following format lines are used to send control infor-
mation to a specific printer by an experienced person. Care
is required to do this in a way that is compatible with
QWERTY's control of the printer.
-20-
*CC:#,#,#,# Sends a series of control codes, expressed
as decimal numbers, directly to the
printer. For example *CC:27,65 sends an
ESC A to the printer.
*CS:<text string> Sends a series of control codes, expressed
as a text string, directly to the printer.
For example *CS:ABC sends codes 65, 66 and
67 to the printer.
*ES:<text string> Sends an escape (27) followed by a series
of control codes, expressed as a text
string, directly to the printer. For
example *ES:ABC sends codes 27, 65, 66 and
67 to the printer.
*LS:# Records the line size as # 1/48th inch
steps.
*SI:# Records the number of printer steps to the
inch.
QWERTY assumes a line size of 8/48th inches or six lines per
inch. That is, *LS:8 and *SI:48 are used to compute vertical
page formatting (top margin, header/footer/text separation,
text per page, etc.). The default works with all printers
even if the basic vertical step is 1/60th, 1/72nd, or 1/720th
because it causes QWERTY to output a Line-Feed every sixth of
an inch. *LS and *SI are included for those who might wish
to send a control code to the printer that changes the
vertical pitch. Then it is necessary for QWERTY to know the
new settings to manage the page correctly.
L A S E R - J E T S U P P O R T
The following format lines are used to send control infor-
mation to a LaserJet printer and only work when in LaserJet
mode (See COMMAND LINE OPTIONS section). A sample LaserJet
letter called LJ-LTR.DOC is included.
*LJES:<text> Sends an escape code followed by a series of
control codes, expressed as a text string,
directly to the printer. For example ES:ABC
sends codes 27, 65, 66 and 67 to the
printer.
*LJLS:# Records the line size as # 1/48th inch
vertical steps and sends this information to
the printer when necessary.
-21-
*LJCP:# Provides a means of specifying the current
character pitch. If using other than
10-pitch type, QWERTY must know the correct
pitch in order to micro-center and
micro-justify properly.
*LJNW:# Establishes a stroke weight for normal text.
The range is -7 to +7. Default: 0.
*LJBW:# Establishes a stroke weight for boldfaced
text. The range is -7 to +7. Default: +3.
*LJHW:# Establishes a stroke weight for header text.
The range is -7 to +7. Default: 0.
*LJFW:# Establishes a stroke weight for footer text.
The range is -7 to +7. Default: 0.
*LJMB:# Establishes a micro-bias of #/120 inches.
Useful for precise centering is some special
cases.
A N C I L L A R Y P R O G R A M S
PX is a program that transfers data directly from the command
line to LPT1. When possible, printer codes are expressed as
normal text characters; otherwise, they may be presented as
decimal values enclosed in braces. For example,
PX {12}
will send a code-12 (FormFeed) to the printer. While it may
be practical to use PX on the DOS command line to eject a
page from your printer, normally PX is used in a BATCH file
to send more complex initialization strings, e.g., PX {27}E
to send an ESC-E.
Following is a copy of a BATCH file using PX. It is not
directly related to the QWERTY Word Processor, but it is a
good example of PX use.
-22-
REM -- Setup LaserJet printer for PNTSC.
rem Symbol set 10U is selected so that
rem special screen characters (boxes)
rem are printed. The "text length" is
rem set to 26 lines to cause a page
rem eject with each PNTSC.
PX {27}E
PX {27}(10U
PX {27}(s0p10h12v0s0b3T
PX {27}&l26F
- File: PNTSC.BAT -
LOADFONT is a program that is normally executed via BATCH and
downloads a font to a LaserJet printer. LOADFONT requires
two arguments: (1) a font file specification, and (2) font ID
(integer). The font ID may be followed by annotation.
The following sample BATCH
ECHO LOAD FONTS FOR STANDARD LETTERS
PX {27}*c0F
PX {27}&l1X
LPX &l1H
ECHO ON
LOADFONT \FONTS\TR100RPN.USP 110 10-POINT TMS-RMN
LOADFONT \FONTS\TR100IPN.USP 111 10-POINT TMS-RMN ITALICS
LOADFONT \FONTS\TR100BPN.USP 112 10-POINT TMS-RMN BOLD
LOADFONT \FONTS\HV060RPN.USP 206 6-Point HELV BOLD
Loads four fonts with IDs of 110, 111, 112 and 206. These
fonts may be easily selected within QWERTY via
*LJES:(110X
*LJES:)111X
which selects 10-point Times Roman as the primary font (which
may be BOLDed via QWERTY's BLD attribute) and italics as the
secondary font (which is printed for characters with QWERTY's
ALT attribute).
-23-
-- C O M M A N D L I N E O P T I O N S --
The following options may be included on the QWERTY command
line to customize QWERTY for individual requirements. Using
a batch file, or files, to start QWERTY is very useful when
command line options are used.
D I S P L A Y C O L O R S
The default screen colors are WHITE text on a BLUE background
unless a Monochrome (MDA) display is being used or if the
display mode is set to BW80. Colors may be specified by
including text and background colors, joined by a plus sign,
on the QWERTY command line. The command line
QWERTY GREEN+BLACK
specifies green text on a black background. These colors may
be specified as: BLACK, BLUE, GREEN, CYAN, RED, MAGENTA,
YELLOW, and WHITE.
R A M _ D R I V E =
When a RAM DRIVE exists, cut and paste operations can be made
to operate extremely fast if QWERTY writes and reads the
{TXTBLK}.TMP file using the RAM DRIVE instead of your hard
disk (or diskette). To instruct QWERTY to use your RAM DRIVE
for block operations, include RAM_DRIVE=<id>: on the command
line. Example: QWERTY RAM_DRIVE=E:
F I L E =
The specification of a file to be edited may be provided on
the command line which causes QWERTY to bypass the menu and
begin editing the specified file immediately. To use this
feature, include "FILE=" on the command line followed by the
file specification. This is particularly useful when QWERTY
is started via BATCH and the file to be edited is known.
Example: QWERTY FILE=LETTER
NOTE: If your copy of QWERTY is unregistered, the menu cannot
be bypassed. Therefore when you use FILE=, you must strike
<E><CR> at the unregistered user notice.
-24-
E X T =
The default file name extension is normally .DOC, but any
other three characters may be used by including "EXT="
followed by the default extension. Example: QWERTY EXT=TXT
L A S E R - J E T
By default, QWERTY supports a generic printer. However,
including "LASER-JET" on the command line causes QWERTY to
print in Laser-Jet Mode. Example: QWERTY LASER-JET
N O _ D O T S
QWERTY normally shows all typed characters, including
<SPACE>, <TAB> and <CR>, as uniquely identifiable symbols.
Small central dots indicate space characters and allow you to
differentiate between actual <SPACE> keystrokes and the gap
following a <TAB> or the blanks that make up the margins.
Occasionally, particularly on lower quality displays, these
dots are large and resemble periods or commas. Including
"NO_DOTS" on the command line will cause <SPACE> characters
to be displayed as blanks. Example: QWERTY NO_DOTS
N O _ T O N E S
QWERTY normally uses many tones to subtly confirm, alert, and
warn. Strike CapsLock a few times and note the out-of-sync
assistance. If you hold a <SHIFT> key and type a character
with CapsLock on, a slight tick warns you that "the rest of
the word will be in caps too." Also, prompts and error
messages are accompanied by unique tones. This extra
information is useful (even when you are not aware of it);
but, you may disable it by including NO_TONES on the command
line. Example: QWERTY NO_TONES
2 4 - H R
The time of day displayed by the MESSAGE and CLOCK menu
selections is normally in 12-hour (AM/PM) format. Including
"24-HR" on the command line specifies a 24-hour time display
format. Example: QWERTY 24-HR
-25-
S H I F T _ R E Q U I R E D
If you find that WORD DELETE, LINE DELETE, or UN-DELETE are
too easy to effect and you are concerned about accidentally
striking <F3>, <F4> or <F2>, including SHIFT_REQUIRED on the
command line causes a <SHIFT> key to be required with these
three function keys. Example: QWERTY SHIFT_REQUIRED
I M M E D I A T E _ A U T O H E L P
When a SEARCH, COPY, MOVE, or EDIT END is initiated and the
keyboard is quiescent for 1.5 seconds, relevant help text is
automatically displayed. Including "IMMEDIATE_AUTOHELP" on
the command line will cause this help/prompt to be displayed
without delay. Example: QWERTY IMMEDIATE_AUTOHELP
A L T C H A R S . D E F
QWERTY provides twenty-one special characters that may be
entered via <ALT> shifted letter and digit keys. Registered
users may provide a file containing custom definitions for
one or more special characters. Example: QWERTY ALTCHARS.DEF
(See the CUSTOM SPECIAL CHARACTERS section.)
O P T I O N S S U M M A R Y
Following is a list of QWERTY command line options
abbreviated and long form. The long form is recommended for
batch files and the abbreviated form is recommended for
manual entry.
(no abv.) <text color>+<background color>
RD=d: RAM_DRIVE=d:
(no abv.) FILE=<specification for opening edit>
(no abv.) EXT=<alternate default extension>
LJ LASER-JET
ND NO_DOTS
NT NO_TONES
24 24-HR
SR SHIFT_REQUIRED
IA IMMEDIATE_AUTOHELP
AC ALTCHARS.DEF
Example: QWERTY LJ ND NT RD=E: 24 AC
-26-
-- S T A R T I N G V I A B A T C H --
A batch file is recommended when QWERTY command line options
are used. For example, a batch file consisting of the
following line
QWERTY BLUE+WHITE RAM_DRIVE=E: LASER-JET FILE=%1
and named QWP.BAT, will initiate the editing of a file called
LETTER.TXT with all the specified options by simply typing
QWP LETTER<CR>
Unregistered versions require initiate editing by striking
two <CR>s (to bypass the unregistered user notice that
accompanies the initial menu display).
Also, just typing QWP<CR> (no file name) will effect the
options and start QWERTY with a menu display.
MENU.BAT is a batch file that is included with QWERTY. You
might use a variation of MENU.BAT to run QWERTY under
different environments (e.g., printers, directories, etc.).
@ECHO OFF
:MENU
CHOOSE QWERTY^{Q}WERTY^QWERTY {L}ASER
IF ERRORLEVEL=2 GOTO :GP
IF ERRORLEVEL=1 GOTO :LJ
GOTO :END
:GP
QWERTY
GOTO :MENU
:LJ
QWERTY LASER-JET
GOTO :MENU
:END
-27-
-- R U N N I N G U N D E R W I N D O W S --
To introduce QWERTY (a DOS program) to WINDOWS perform the
following operations. For this example, the program files
(e.g., QWERTY.COM) reside in C:\QWERTY and data files (e.g.,
LETTER.DOC) reside in C:\QWERTY\DOCS.
(1) Open Program Manager and then select the Program Group
in which QWERTY is to be placed (e.g., APPLICATIONS) by
clicking on that group.
(2) Select "FILE" from the PROGRAM MANAGER's menu bar.
(3) Choose "NEW..." from the file menu.
(4) Be sure that Program ITEM (not GROUP) is marked ...
+-----------------------------------------
| New Program Object
+-----------------------------------
| New
| ( ) Program Group
| (*) Program Item
+--------------------------
... and click on the "OK" button.
(5) Complete item properties ...
+--------------------------------------------------
| Program Item Properties
+------------------------------------------------
| Description: QWERTY
| Command Line: \QWERTY\QWERTY LASER-JET
| Working Directory: \QWERTY\DOCS
| Shortcut Key: None
| [ ] Run Minimized
+------------------------------------------
... and click on the "CHANGE ICON" button.
(6) Click on the "OK" button in the center of the "no icons
available"/"choose from program manager" information
box.
(7) Scroll through available icons and click on the yellow
typewriter (or other icon preference) and then click on
the "OK" button.
(8) Click on the "OK" button once again and QWERTY becomes
available via the icon selected.
-28-
-- C U S T O M S P E C I A L T E X T --
QWERTY provides twenty-one special characters that may be
entered via <ALT> shifted letter and digit keys. Registered
users may provide a file containing custom definitions for
one or more special characters. This file must be named
ALTCHARS.DEF and exist in the default directory. Including
"ALTCHARS.DEF" on the command line causes QWERTY to read this
file and modify special characters as directed.
The ALTCHARS.DEF file consists of one line per special
character definition in the format
#<special char id>=<key>,<display code>,<print string>
where: <special char id> is a number (1-21) indicating which
special character is being defined,
<key> is a letter or digit indicating which <ALT>
shifted key (A-Z or 0-9) is to be used to enter the
special character,
<display code> is the decimal representation of the
display code for this special character, and
<print string> is a series of 1-16 printer codes
(decimal) separated by commas.
For example, the following ALTCHARS.DEF line defines special
character #6 as a plus-or-minus sign.
+-- Special character ID
| +-- Key specification (<ALT><P>)
| | +-- Display code (plus-or-minus sign)
| | | +-- Three byte printer string
| | | | ("+" backspace "_")
| | | |
#6=P, 241, 43, 8, 95
Any text outside a definition (before the "#" and after the
last decimal value) is considered annotation and is ignored
by QWERTY. See the ALTCHARS.DEF file distributed with
QWERTY.
-29-
-- R E L A T E D P R O D U C T S --
COMBO -- Webster's New World COMBO from Simon
and Schuster Software is an excellent
dictionary & thesaurus that has been tested
with QWERTY.
EZ-DEX -- A ROLODEX program from HFK Software
that easily fetches name and address data and
automatically types it into a running word
processor. *
KEYSAVER -- A document building product from
HFK Software automatically types boiler plate
text into a running word processor. After
inserting a ruler, word, paragraph, etc.,
KEYSAVER pauses and prompts for manual input
of unique text. Use {0080} & {0081} in
boiler plate text to autotype QWERTY Format
Indicators & Binding Spaces. *
SNAPSHOT -- A cut & paste utility from HFK
Software that captures up to ten screen
snapshots and automatically types the text
upon command. *
CHOOSE -- A BATCH menuing utility from HFK
Software that helps organize PC use under
DOS.
PX -- Used in batch files to transfer codes
to the printer. Included with QWERTY.
LOADFONT -- Used in batch files to download
fonts to a Laser-Jet printer. Included with
QWERTY.
* Designed for use with programs using a
text display and work well with products
such as WordPerfect and 1-2-3.
-30-
-- Q W E R T Y R E G I S T R A T I O N --
QWERTY is provided as SHAREWARE. Enjoy experimenting and
getting to know QWERTY. Feel free to make copies for your
friends and co-workers.
However, when you put QWERTY to practical use, a small
registration fee of $20 is due. A convenient registration
form follows.
When you register (via mail, fax or phone), you will receive
the registration codes necessary to personalize your copy of
QWERTY. That is, your name (or your company's name) will
replace "UNREGISTERED USER."
You will also be able to use an ALTCHARS.DEF file to
customize QWERTY's twenty-one special characters.
And, you will be entitled to customer support via phone, fax,
or CompuServe Mail.
This offer is subject to change without notice.
-- S H A R E W A R E D E C L A R A T I O N --
This product is produced by a member of the Association of
Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that
the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to
resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by
contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The
ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with
an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for a
members' products. You may contact the ASP Ombudsman via:
ASP Ombudsman
545 Grover Road
Muskegon, MI 49442-9427 USA
FAX: 616-788-2765
or
CompuServe Mail: ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536
HFK Software actively supports the goals and principles of
the Association of Shareware Professionals.
-31-
-- Q W E R T Y R E G I S T R A T I O N F O R M --
+-Personalization-Text:----------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------------(10-35-characters-in-place-of-UNREGISTERED-USER)-+
+-MasterCard-or-VISA-Account-No:--------------+ +-Phone:------------------+
| | | |
+---------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------+
+-Exp:-----+ +-Signature:--------------------+ +-Fax:--------------------+
| | | ($20) | | |
+----------+ +-------------------------------+ +-------------------------+
--(fold-back-here)--------------(first-fold)--------------(fold-back-here)--
+-------+
From: ________________________________ | place |
| stamp |
________________________________ | here |
+-------+
________________________________
To: +------------------------------+
| |
| HFK Software |
| 68 Wells Road |
| Lincoln, MA 01773-3702 |
| |
+------------------------------+
--(fold-back-here)--------------(second-fold)-------------(fold-back-here)--
This form may be:
(1) folded and placed in a standard business window envelope;
(2) folded, taped, stamped, and mailed without an envelope; or
(3) FAXed to HFK Software at 617-259-0626.
Phone orders via: 617-259-0059
Massachusetts residents must include state sales tax.